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Extraction Methods: Various extraction methods are used to extract active compounds from the cannabis plant, such as cannabinoids and terpenes. Common extraction techniques include:
a. Solvent Extraction: Solvents like ethanol or supercritical CO2 are used to extract the desired compounds from the plant material. This method allows for high selectivity and efficiency in obtaining specific cannabinoids.
b. Distillation: Distillation techniques, such as short-path distillation or fractional distillation, are employed to separate and purify the extracted compounds based on their boiling points.
Decarboxylation: Decarboxylation is a process that involves heating the extracted cannabinoids to convert their acid forms (e.g., THCA, CBDA) into their active forms (e.g., THC, CBD). This step is crucial in preparing cannabinoids for therapeutic use.
Filtration and Purification: Filtration processes, including micron filters and activated carbon filters, are used to remove impurities, particulates, and unwanted compounds from the extracted solution, ensuring a pure and clean end product.
Solvent Removal: After extraction, the solvent used in the process needs to be removed to obtain concentrated cannabis oil. Technologies like rotary evaporators, falling film evaporators, or vacuum ovens are employed to evaporate and recover the solvent efficiently.
Formulation and Emulsification: Cannabis oil can be formulated into various products such as sublingual sprays, capsules, or topical creams. Technologies like high shear mixers or homogenizers are used to blend the oil with other ingredients and create stable emulsions or formulations.
Quality Control and Testing: Advanced laboratory technologies are utilized to perform quality control and testing of cannabis products. This includes techniques like high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to analyze cannabinoid content, residual solvents, pesticides, and other impurities.